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2023 Roth IRA Rules: What You Need to Know

02.02.2023 by admin // 4 Comments

A Roth IRA is a type of individual retirement account that allows for tax-free withdrawals in retirement in the United States. In 2023, the contribution limit for a Roth IRA is $6,500 for those under the age of 50 and $7,500 for those 50 and over. There are many benefits to having a Roth IRA including no minimum distribution and no taxes on any gains. Contributions to a Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars and qualified withdrawals, including earnings, are tax-free. There are income limitations for contributing to a Roth IRA, and early withdrawals may be subject to taxes and penalties. It’s important to understand Roth IRA rules and requirements in order to make informed decisions about saving for retirement.

What Is A Roth IRA

A Roth IRA is a retirement account that offers you a tax benefit when you retire. Unlike traditional IRAs and 401(k) plans Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible but you also do not pay taxes when you withdraw money at age 59 ½ +.

Roth IRA Contribution Limits 2023

The 2023 Roth IRA contribution limit is $6,500 for the year. If you’re 50 or older you can contribute up to $7,500 for the year. These contribution limits increased by $500 compared to 2022. So, if you haven’t contributed to your Roth IRA in 2022 yet, you can still contribute up to $6,000 or $7,000 if you’re 50 or older before April 15th. The amount you contribute also cannot exceed what the IRA defines as “earned income” or taxable compensation. This includes wages, salaries, tips, commissions, professional fees and self-employment income. Charles Schwab shares more details here on what’s considered earned income for a Roth IRA.

The amount you contribute to a 401(k) plan does not impact the amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA but the amount you contribute to a Traditional IRA will affect the amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA. If you contribute to both a IRA and Roth IRA in the same year, the total contributions to both of these accounts cannot exceed $6,500 if you’re under 50, or $7,500 if you’re 50 or older.

Setting Up A Roth IRA For A Child

You can also set up a custodial Roth IRA for your child, subject to the same contribution limits outlined above. This means that contributions for your child’s Roth IRA you control cannot exceed what your child earned in 2023.

Roth IRA Income Limits 2023

There are income limits on Roth IRA eligibility which is why it’s important to start your contributions to a Roth IRA the first year you get a W-2. If you are single, and your modified AGI is $138,000 the amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA begins to phase out. You cannot contribute to a Roth IRA in 2023 as a single filer if you make more than $153,000.

If you are married filing jointly and your AGI is $218,000 or above the amount you’re eligible to contribute begins phasing out. If you are married filing jointly you cannot contribute to a Roth IRA if you make more than $228,000 in 2023. Once you exceed this income you will need to explore options to setup a backdoor Roth IRA if you’re interested in having a Roth IRA. To take full advantage of a Roth IRA, set up a Roth IRA when you first start collecting a paycheck. You never know when you may get to the point where your income makes you ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA.

Here are the contribution limits by income and filing status for a Roth IRA in 2023:

roth ira rules 2023, roth ira 2023 contribution limit — Source: IRS

When Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA

Contributions to a Roth IRA can occur at anytime during the year. You may contribute the full amount all at once or contribute multiple times during the year up to the maximum. Once a new calendar year starts, you can still make contributions for the previous calendar year up until April 15th (when taxes are due). For example, you can make a contribution for 2022 to your Roth IRA until April 15, 2023.

Roth IRA Withdrawals

Since you’ve already paid taxes on your contributions, you can withdraw your contributions at any time with no restrictions. If you withdraw earnings on those contributions though, you may be taxed or penalized on withdrawing this money.

Roth IRA rules dictate that once you’re age 59 ½, as long as you’ve held the account for at least five years, you can take distributions on all money within the account and do not have to pay taxes on that money.

Roth IRA Minimum Required Distribution

With a Roth IRA there is no required minimum distribution. You don’t ever have to withdraw from this account if you don’t need to. Additionally, you can pass this money onto your heirs.

Investing in Your 20s: A Beginner’s Guide to Building Wealth Early

02.01.2021 by admin // Leave a Comment

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Investing in your 20s is crucial for building wealth and securing your financial future. However, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. Don’t get caught up in all the hype of the latest make money quick stock or crypto. As we’ve seen in the last year, those can go down as quickly as they went up. You have decades left to reap the benefits of investing in stocks and it’s important you make the right investing decisions for yourself. This beginner’s guide will walk you through the basics of investing, choosing the right investment options for your needs and saving for retirement. By starting early, you’ll have the advantage of time on your side to grow your investments and reach your financial goals.

Invest Enough In Your 401k To Get The Full Employee Match

A 401(k) plan is a retirement savings plan sponsored by employers. It allows employees to contribute to their retirement savings pre-tax in the United States. The 401(k) contribution limit for 2023 is $22,500, an increase of $2,000 from 2021. Don’t know if you have a 401(k) plan or match? Ask your boss or look at the internal benefits webpage at your company. If you are eligible, your company will have information on how to sign up. The contribution amount you elect will be taken directly from your paycheck.

At minimum, you should always contribute enough to your 401(k) to get the full match. As you start making more money, understand how much you’ll save on taxes and begin increasing your contributions until you hit the max. Also consider your money needs in the next 5-10 years. When you’re starting out in your 20s you’re paying down debt, saving for a car and saving for a house. It’s easier to put more money in retirement accounts when you’re no longer saving for a down payment.

Even though a 401(k) can be a set it and forget it account it’s best to check the performance of your 401(k) investments periodically. A 401(k) is a great investment vehicle; however, many companies limit what you can invest in. Even if you have a 401(k) you should also open a Roth IRA account for retirement savings and investments.

Open A Roth IRA To Lock In Gains Tax Free

A Roth IRA is a retirement account that offers you a tax benefit when you retire in the United States. Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible. You also do not pay taxes when you withdraw money at age 59 ½ +. This is different from traditional IRAs and 401(k) plans.

Make sure you’re familiar with the benefits of a Roth IRA and the Roth IRA rules first. Important rules include you can only invest up to $6,500 in 2023 pending income eligibility and you can only withdraw certain money penalty free before 59 1/2. While you don’t pay taxes on gains, you also can’t write off losses on your taxes.

At the beginning of your career, your salary is lower, your taxes are lower and you have less money. It’s harder to contribute at all to your Roth IRA, let alone the maximum. At the same time, you have the opportunity for money you contribute to grow tax free for 40+ years. In a Roth IRA you also have the flexibility to invest in any stocks, ETFs and mutual funds you want.

How do you set up a Roth IRA? It’s very easy and can be done in minutes. Charles Schwab, Vanguard and Fidelity all offer Roth IRA accounts among others.

Invest Money Through ESPP and Vested RSUs

Do you work for a publicly traded company? Your company may offer an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. This benefit enables you to buy company stock at a discount. ESPP is a way for you to make extra money without any extra effort. The only steps? Enrolling in ESPP and deciding when you want to sell the shares. Whether you keep the shares or sell the shares is based on your own investment and tax strategy.

Another possible benefit to take advantage of is equity compensation. Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) are a popular way of giving company equity to employees at tech startups and large public companies. RSUs are a great way to grow your wealth. If they aren’t part of your comp plan today, inquire if this is something your company offers. A company may offer RSUs to employees, but may not offer them to all employees. Sometimes employees have to perform at a certain level, or need to be at a certain level, or they are offered as part of an employment package. Whether you keep the shares or sell the shares is based on your own investment and tax strategy.

Buy Individual Stocks in the Stock Market If You Like Risk

You want to buy individual stocks to get rich quick, but how do you know which one to buy? When starting anything, I always ask myself about what I’m willing to pay to learn. Learning anything cost money. Even if you teach yourself, you always need to buy the basics. For example buying / renting gold clubs or technology to watch how to videos on YouTube. How much are you willing to spend learning something new?

The thing about stocks is that there is a chance it could go to $0. That chance depends on which stock you pick. For example, Gamestop is a very volatile stock. If you buy a share and it comes crashing down you could lose most of your money when you decide to sell. This is why it’s good to know how much you’re willing to spend to learn something new.

If you’re willing to spend $100 to learn something new, buy $100 worth of a stock or several stocks. Say the stock goes up in value, great! If it goes to $1, you were willing to spend $100 to learn something new. Now, you’re left with $1 and knowledge about how to set up an investing account, how to buy a stock, how stock prices fluctuate, where to learn more about your investments, how to sell a stock, how to write off stock losses on your taxes and more.

When you buy your first stock consider buying a share of a company that excites you. That way, you’ll want to learn more about the company. You’ll want to listen to quarterly earnings, learn about market valuations and more. If you’re not excited about your first investment you’re less likely to spend extra time learning about investing in the stock market. Generally, stocks fall into two categories: growth stocks and value stocks.

Growth Stocks

Growth stocks are stocks that are considered to have the potential to outperform the overall market based on their future potential. These stocks usually don’t pay dividends and tend to be more volatile. Examples of growth stocks include Tesla, Roku, Square and Amazon.

Value Stocks

Value stocks are stocks that are currently trading below what they are really worth and the thought is they have the opportunity to provide a better return. Some value stocks also offer dividends so you don’t have to wait to sell a stock to get some cash. Value stocks are usually larger, more established companies. Examples of value stocks include companies like Verizon and 3M.

Both growth and value stocks have the possibility to go up in value and go down in value. There is no guarantee the stock will go up. And, if you think a stock is overvalued there is also no guarantee that stock will go down.

See Also: Smart Money Moves In Your 20s

Buy ETFs If You Don’t Want To Actively Manage Your Stock Portfolio

ETFs stand for electronically traded funds, also know as index funds. When you buy an index fund you are buying a basket of individual stocks. If you buy a S&P 500 ETF, you’re investing in all 500 companies that are in the S&P 500. The more diversified your portfolio, the less volatile your portfolio is. The goal of index funds is to match the performance of a specific benchmark.

There are fees for ETFs; however, they tend to be lower than mutual funds. Before you buy an ETF make sure you know what fees the ETF charges per year. The average fee for index funds is 0.15% according to Morningstar data from April 2019.

Keep Some Money In Low Risk Investments

As you’re getting established, it’s always a good idea to keep some money in low risk investments. This includes keeping your emergency fund in a high yield savings account, moving cash around to take advantage of bank bonuses, and buying short term Treasury Bills.

Investing Money In Your 20s Summary

No matter how you decide to invest money in your 20s it’s important you choose a strategy that works for you. Before you start investing, make sure you know the options that may give you free money to start investing. This includes things like a 401k employee match and RSUs. Other important considerations? When you’ll need the money, your risk tolerance and how much time you want to spend.

Investing money in your 20s is hard when you don’t have as much money and it’s new. Like everything, you’ll learn from your mistakes and get better over time. Even if you buy a bad stock, or sell a good stock early it’s better to learn these lessons when you have less money at stake.

Different strategies work for different people. Investing when you may need the money for a big purchase in the next 5 years is different than investing money when you don’t need money for 20 years. Different people also have different risk tolerances. If you’re going to lose sleep worrying about losing money in the stock market a lower risk, set it and forget it strategy may be more aligned to your goals.

Advice for 2020 Grads From a Millennial That Graduated in 2010

08.14.2020 by admin // Leave a Comment

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College graduation has come and gone. The pandemic, unfortunately, has not. It’s a tough job market out there for new grads. Glassdoor Economic Research found that new grad related job openings fell 68% in May from the same time last year. They also found that 7 of the top 10 companies attracting the most new grad applications are tech companies. This is no surprise since tech companies tend to offer high salaries.

It’s not just job postings either, good salaries are tougher to find during recessions as well. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research graduating in a recession leads to large initial earnings losses of about 9% of annual earnings in the initial stage eventually recede but don’t disappear until about ten years after graduation.

Don’t get discouraged by this news. While it’s tough, there are still ways to thrive. I graduated in 2010 and saw a lot of this first hand. We had less paid internship opportunities in college. Entry jobs didn’t begin opening up until much later. We also saw many of our friends who graduate a year or two above us get a job offer and then have it revoked, get laid off after only months of working or struggle to get that first job after graduation. Based on what I saw during the Great Recession and how we all took control of our jobs and our finances in the decade since here is my advice for graduates.

Be Prepared To Share Your Resume and What Jobs You’re Interested In At A Moments Notice

My top career advice for graduates is to always be prepared. Practice your 30 second elevator pitch on your background, what you’re looking for and how you add value. Always have your resume up to date, even if you’re content in your current job.

You know you need to prepare for a job interview, but how prepared are you for a chance encounter? While in person chance encounters are less likely during social distancing, they can still happen through word of mouth. Perhaps one of your parents, a relative, a friend or a neighbor hears of a job and contacts you. Will an opportunity land in your lap? It’s unlikely. But, if you tell people you’re looking for a job and put yourself in situations where you meet new people these types of chance encounters are more likely to happen.

These are the situations you need to be prepared for. If there is an opportunity, they’ll ask for your resume to share. They’ll ask about what types of jobs you’re looking for, so they can think about if they know of any openings.

Do have your resume always up to date. Do be clear with what you’re looking for. Don’t say you’re open to anything. By keeping it too vague it’s hard for someone to help you. That doesn’t mean you need to know exactly what you want. Here are a few ways you can answer it:

Talk about your background – what did you major in? What were you most excited about in your internships and classes?
Location – are you looking for a job locally or are you open to moving for a role? Do you have a preference?
Are you looking for a full time or part time role? Are you open to a role that starts as part time but could lead to something full time?
Speak to your skill set – what areas are you strong in?

See Also: How to Ask for a Job Referral

You May Not Land Your Dream Job… and That’s OK

Millions of Americans are unemployed or furloughed. Competition for jobs right now is tough. So, chances that you’ll land your dream job are slimmer. But, that doesn’t have to be a bad thing! Think back to when you were applying to college. Did you end up at your dream school? Did it all work out in the end?

To put things in perspective, you’re also in your early 20s. Most people do not know exactly what they want to do with their lives at this age. It’s a myth that everyone knows exactly what they want to do when they graduate college. It’s important to be flexible. Take a job and figure out what you enjoy and what you don’t enjoy about that job. Then, continue looking for ways to enjoy that job more, or look for another job you’ll enjoy more.

The job opportunities available now may be wildly different than your major. Your opportunities may even be going back to where you worked part time in high school. That’s ok. No company is going to frown upon the interim job you took during a pandemic.

Know What Seems Like Settling May Be The Best Thing That Happens To You

I stumbled into the tech industry at the recommendation of my career center at college. I had no idea what my dream job would be then. We were in middle of the recession so I got an offer and accepted. Turns out it was the best thing that could have happened. The tech industry is an amazing industry to work in. I met countless mentors and sponsors that helped torpedo my career. Now, everyone wants to work in tech! But back then, almost no one I went to school was trying to get a job in tech.

Some of my friends in tech sales that graduated around the same time have shared they joined a tech inside sales program because those were the jobs that were available. Sales reps at several high tech companies say they earn an average of over $142,000 a year. Here they were in the middle of the Great Recession and they ended up getting their foot in the door to one of the best paying jobs that doesn’t require an advanced degree.

Use Your College Career Center To Identify Open Positions and Helpful Contacts

Career Services on campus is a great resource for current students and recent alumni. They have access to tools that can help you identify what careers to pursue. Often, they’ve helped alumni get their jobs and have maintain those relationships. When you’re trying to get an in at a company they may know of an alumni to reach out to. They also have relationships with companies that hire entry level positions. Career Services may even be the most important office on campus according to an opinion piece on Forbes.

Network With Alumni

If you’re looking at jobs at a company my advice for graduates is network with current alumni at the company. That way, you have a connection that you can reach out to for a referral if a job does open up. Don’t expect alumni to reach out to you with any opportunity they hear. It’s likely they are busy. Instead, monitor the open jobs at that company and reach out again when you see one you’re interested in.

First, reach out to alumni you have relationships with asking if they know of opportunities. Remember to be as specific as you can with what you are looking for. Join LinkedIn Alumni groups for your college and also look to join ones on Facebook. Sometimes there are even subgroups for a certain location. Post in these groups and share your story. Many people are happy to help, and may help offer advice even if they don’t know of any job opportunities currently available.

Consider a Paid or Unpaid Internship In The Short Term Instead of a Full Time Job

While you’re looking for a full time role, one path to potentially get a full time offer is to accept an internship. An internship is helpful if you don’t have much experience on your resume and you need a little more experience to start landing interviews. Internships are also helpful if the company isn’t hiring full time right now but may be hiring for full time positions in a couple months.

Add To Your Experience Through Volunteering

Not all experience is from internships and part time jobs. You can also show your experience through your volunteer experience. Use this experience to show how you’ve built leadership experience, reliability and additional skills that are relevant to the jobs you are applying to. Not all volunteering has to be in person or even at a non-profit.

If you see a local business struggling and they don’t have a social media presence offer to help them set it up for free and add that experience to your resume. This also opens up opportunities for future paid work. They may recommend you to their network and you can begin charging for your time.

Be Frugal For The Next Few Years

My top financial advice for graduates is to be frugal for the next few years. It’s not the best economy right now and we don’t know how long it’ll take to recover. So, once you get a job keep conserving as much cash as possible. It’s not like there is a lot to do now anyways with businesses closed and limited travel options available. Plus, if you have a remote job you don’t have to buy more than a few shirts for Zoom calls.

Ways to keep living like a college student include cheap housing and cheap food. Keep living at home or move in with roommates into a starter apartment. If you’re moving out, try to negotiate rent. Vacancies are up right now so you’re more likely to have success negotiating things like a free month of rent. The next biggest expense is transportation. Hold off on buying a car especially if you don’t know where you’ll end up living. Use your current car as long as you can. If you don’t have a car, buy a used car and shop around for deals.

Hang out with friends outside instead of going to a restaurant. Go on a walk, or bring food for a picnic. Drinks and food at restaurants are expensive and with many bars closed there are less cheap drink specials to be found. Eat at home. When you buy groceries, look for coupons and deals. There are also ways to spend less on food by buying cheaper options. For example, buy oats and make oatmeal instead of single serve yogurts. You can find dinner recipes and meal planning tips to save money.

Is frugal living not for you? This doesn’t have to be a permanent lifestyle, but the longer you’re able to live frugally like you lived in college the easier your finances will be. You don’t have to cut back in all areas either, the single most important expense is housing.

See Also: How to Save Money in Your 20s

Start An Emergency Fund Once You Land A Job

Once you land a job, whether it be part time or full time, start an emergency fund. An emergency fund is an amount of money set aside to cover emergencies if they arise. The money should be easily accessible and liquid (such as money held in a checking account or savings account) that you have for when things go wrong. This includes an unexpected health bill, unexpected car repair, if you lose your job and so forth.

At this point, don’t worry about how much money you should have in an emergency fund. Your focus once landing a job is to start an emergency fund, even if it’s only contributing $5-10 a paycheck. If your family gave you some money for graduation put some of that cash in your emergency fund. Get in the habit of consistently contributing a little money with every single paycheck, and automate the savings so you don’t even have to think about it. Once you are more settled, you can start building your emergency fund.